Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines

© 2004 Robert A. Freitas Jr. and Ralph C. Merkle. All Rights Reserved.

Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 2004.


 

B.4.4.2 Transient Cavitation

Ultrasound passing through liquids may produce transient bubbles which implode, producing temperature increases of ~103 K and pressure spikes of ~103 atm localized in regions of a few microns in radius. In water, normal or transient cavitation requires an irradiation intensity of ~105 W/m2 (~5.4 atm) at 30 KHz or ~106 W/m2 (~17 atm) at 1 MHz [3258]. Relevant thermodynamic constants for liquid n-octane lie within an order of magnitude of the same values for water, so 10 MHz operation in liquid n-octane at Iacoustic ~ 6100 W/m2 for DP ~ 1 atm (Section B.3) is not expected to produce transient cavitation. However, this expectation should be verified experimentally.

 


Last updated on 13 August 2005